the life in new france
On this site you will learn about the life in NEW FRANCE.
ABOUT NEW FRANCE:
New France was an area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and also ending with the formal of rights poverty or territory especially by state of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763.In 1712 the territory of New France extended from Newfoundland to the Rocky Mountains and from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.New France was divided into five colonies each one with its own administration: Canada, Acadia, Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and Louisiana. The Treaty of Utrecht resulted in the claiming of French claims mainland Acadia, the Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and the establishment of the colony of Cape Breton Island as the successor Acadia. France gave up their territory to the rest of New France except the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon Britain and Spain at the Treaty of Paris which ended the French and Indian War. Britain got the lands east of the Mississippi River that are between the thirteen colonies and Louisiana which included Canada, Acadia and parts of Louisiana while Spain got the territory to the large part of Louisiana. Spain returned its part of Louisiana to France in 1800 under the secret Treaty of San lldefonso, but French leader Napoleon Bonaparte sold it to the United States in the Louisiana purchase of 1803, permanently ending French colonial efforts on the North American mainland.
Jacques Cartier
Down below is a video about Jacques Cartier's expedition.
A picture of Jacques Cartier down below and information about Jacques Cartier if you would rather read information about his expeditions.
The king of France sent Jacques Cartier on a trip to New France to explore New France. Jacques had to find a shipping route to the orient and gems like gold to make the French rich. Jacques went to Newfoundland then went further to Prince Edward Island and Baie de Chaleur. In late July Jacques put up a large cross at Pointe-Penouille on the Gaspé Peninsula to show Frances claim to the New World. Chief Donnacona didn't want Jacques to go to Montréal but Jacques went anyway. The visit to Montréal was not successful. In 1541-1542 Donnacona died. Jacques failed both his missions.
sAMUEL de champlain
Samuel de Champlain is an explorer that originally set out to find riches for France and a route to the orient just like Jacques Cartier. From 1603 to 1635 Samuel crossed the Atlantic ocean several times. During the trips Samuel achieved a great deal. One of Samuel's skills was map making. This skill gave detailed maps of the Atlantic coast, waterways of the St. Lawrence and it's headwater and view of the interior of the continent that had not been available to Europeans.Samuel explored eastern North America and discovered a community settlement for Europeans.He made a military alliance with the Huron people.
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In 1609 Samuel joined the military in a attack close to a lake. Samuel used his rifle and loaded it with two rounds of bullets, he shot it into the Iroquois group killing two Iroquois chiefs. The attacking force retreated from the war giving victory to the Huron.Samuel worked hard to build a colony for France.By the time of his death in 1635, Samuel already made the basis of a good colony.
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religious Figures
The Jesuit Preists
The Jesuit priests were the society of Jesus and also one of the religious orders that sent missionaries to New France. St. Ignatius Loyola discovered the society of Jesuits in 1534 to improve and to encourage the Roman Catholic religion. The first Jesuits went to New France in 1611 and had two goals, to have First Nations people believe in the Roman Catholic religion and to establish schools for only boys who would grow up to be doctors, lawyers, etc. The Jesuits made a school in some of the communities and sent missionaries to the first Nations peoples.
Sainte-Marie Among The Huron
The Jesuits took their mission to the Huron people who in the west of French settlements in 1634.The Jesuits to canoe routes.But the Jesuits were frightened that a war might start because the Iroquois and the Huron were enemies.The Jesuits then decided that the building has to be strengthened so it could be protected.They started to construct Sainte-Marie Among The Hurons close to present-day Midland Ontario in 1639.The building had tall walls and gates made out of wood that are strong.By 1648 there servants, assistants, soldiers and approximately 65 priests who all were living at Sainte-Marie.In 1648 the Iroquois attacked the Huron and five Jesuits who worked in Huron villages were killed.In 1649 the Jesuits made a decision to leave Sainte-Marie.The Jesuits built a new building on Christian Island but the inhabitants suffered lack of food and the new building wasin't safer than the first so in the winter in 1649 the Iroquois walked across the ice to Christian Island and destroyed the building so because of the unfriendliness the Jesuits learned that making missions wouldin't be an easy task.
The Ursuline Nuns
In 1619 there was a woman named Marie Martin. She was a twenty-year old widow who had a six-month-old son. Her husband was a silk merchant who's business was failing. Marie's friends told her to get remarried but she decided to take some time to think. Marie decided to enter the convent of St. Ursula she then became a nun. Marie felt that she was destined to go to Quebec to have the First Nations people become Christian. Marie and two other Ursuline sisters went to Quebec where they established a convent. She built the Ursuline mission which was called Marie de L'Incarnation. The Ursuline mission was one of the strongest arms of the Catholic church in Quebec in the year of 1639.Marie died in 1672.There were only schools for boys in New France before the Ursulines. The school for boys was made for boys who would become lawyers, doctors or priests. The school for boys also taught Philosophy, Math, Latin and Religion.In new France the Ursulines made more convents and schools for girls both First Nation girls and daughters of settlers. The school taught arithmetic, reading, writing and homemaking. The graduates were expected to become nuns or mothers and wives the order still exists in parts of Canada.
The Farmers
The last group of people who came to New France was the people who settled the land. Most of the newcomers to New France were farmers. They were split into two main groups, Seigneurs and Habitants.
Seigneurs and Seigneuries
Seigneurs were men who won the kings favor and they might have been soldiers or supporters of the king in France.The seigneur was allowed to have a large part of the land and his family.But the seigneurs had to get farm families which were the habitants, to live on the rest of the land.Here's a typical seigneurie and features of the way a seigneurie was laid out: the seigneurie kept a big section to supply a place for a church, grain mill, a lumber mill,etc , common land supply, a place for social and amusement events , it was set beside the river to provide water for farming and personal use for transportation by conoe and for fishing , the field were long and narrow to let a lot of habitant families have access to the water.
The Habitants
The habitants worked hard and had lots of responsibilities. The habitants cut and cleared the land, grew and raised animals, gave a part of their production to the seigneur as rent, planted and harvested the seigneurs personal fields and worked without getting payed for about ten days a year, gave free labour to build and maintain a church and roadways on the seigneurie and habitants also had to pay taxes to the church and the government. Every season the habitants had to work even the children had to work. The habitants didn't get much sleep.
The Farmers
The last group of people who came to New France was the people who settled the land. Most of the newcomers to New France were farmers. They were split into two main groups, Seigneurs and Habitants.
Seigneurs and Seigneuries
Seigneurs were men who won the kings favor and they might have been soldiers or supporters of the king in France.The seigneur was allowed to have a large part of the land and his family.But the seigneurs had to get farm families which were the habitants, to live on the rest of the land.Here's a typical seigneurie and features of the way a seigneurie was laid out: the seigneurie kept a big section to supply a place for a church, grain mill, a lumber mill,etc , common land supply, a place for social and amusement events , it was set beside the river to provide water for farming and personal use for transportation by conoe and for fishing , the field were long and narrow to let a lot of habitant families have access to the water.
The Habitants
The habitants worked hard and had lots of responsibilities. The habitants cut and cleared the land, grew and raised animals, gave a part of their production to the seigneur as rent, planted and harvested the seigneurs personal fields and worked without getting payed for about ten days a year, gave free labour to build and maintain a church and roadways on the seigneurie and habitants also had to pay taxes to the church and the government. Every season the habitants had to work even the children had to work. The habitants didn't get much sleep.